Spanish and Italian Borrowings to the English Language

Romanic languages, group of languages belonging to the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. They ar spoken by about 670 million people in some parts of the world. Among the more important Romanic languages are Catalan, cut, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Spanish. My report is particularly about Italian and Spanish borrowings to the English language. Spanish borrowings appeared in English in 16 degree Celsius. Historic circumstances which influenced on these borrowings are associated with some geographic discoveries at that time.There was a colonization of the South and North America by the Spanish. So the termination cooperation with Spain contri exclusivelyed to the developing of borrowings from Spanish into English language. In 16 century close political and economic ties of England with Spain and of Spain with France led to borrowings both directly from Spanish and through the French language. In the beginning of the 16th century there were many an (prenominal) Spaniards in England due to dynastic relations between England and Spain. So England inherited many Spanish words which related to Spanish manners.Associated essay Reasons for Failure in English LanguageMany Spanish words have come to us from three primary sources many of them entered American English in the days of Mexican and/or Spanish cowboys working in what is now the U. S. Southwest. Some words were borrowed with the Spanish culture-dances and musicals instruments. Words of Caribbean neckcloth entered English by way of trade. The other major source is the names of foods whose names have no English equivalent, as the intermingling of cultures has expanded our diets as good as our vocabulary. There are the following semantic groups ) trade terms cargo- , embargo- , contraband- b) names of dances and musical instruments tango, rumba, habanera, guitar c) names of vegetables and fruit banana, cocoa , chocolate, cigar, cork , , potato, tobacco, tomato. All of these were the objects of trade. They were borrowed from Spain to England. Anglo-Spanish contend also greatly enlarged the vocabulary of English language which included such phalanx terms galleon , , guerilla .Besides during the Renaissance period the unanimous stage of everyday Spanish words came to the English language. For ex bravada , canoe , , Negro , ranch , desperado , , peccadillo . In XIX century many borrowings from Spanish were brought through American literature. Such words as cigarette, lasso, mustang . There are following words among the recently borrowed ones macho, amigo, gringo .As we see, the majority of borrowings from Spanish retain their shape and are commonly used in English in the stylistic purposes to give the narration some Spanish shade. Of course it makes our speech more interesting and shows that we are culturally enriched. For example, we can say adios instead of bye to diversify our communication. English Spanish Alcove Alcoba Alfalfa Al fa lfa Artichoke Alcarchofa Apricot Albaricoque gauge Calibre Armada Armado Apricot AlbaricoqueBinnacle Bitacula The Italian language had the strongest influence on the English language in the Renaissance period. The art and literature had the great importance for the whole European culture. Italy was the leading country in the economic, politic, cultural fields, so familiarity with the rich Italian literature of this period, painting, sculpture and architecture, traveling to Italy, an interest in the country itself, was reflected in the loans from the Italian language.We should notice that, due to the wide spread of Italian debt in the European languages , some Italian words were borrowed to the English language, not directly but through other languages. Most of the Italian words was borrowed through French. And only in the XVI century, the borrowings were directly from the Italian language. The earliest borrowings related to trade and military affairs. There were borrowed the follo wing words from the field of commerce and finance ducat coin, million million, lombard pawnshop, bank bank.From the field of military alarm alarm, brigand bandit, bark bark, colonel Colonel, squadron squadron, sentinel guard, side arm gun. The greatest number of words borrowed from Italian related to the field of art, literature, music, theater and architecture. For example, canto song, sonnet a sonnet, stanza stanza, slogan, model model, miniature miniature, madonna Madonna, fresco fresco, balcony balcony, first balcony mezzanine, mezzanine and so on.Especially a lot of borrowing were from the field of music, such as The names of musical instruments piano, violin, piccolo The name of singing voices bass, baritone, alto, soprano The name of music opera, sonata, aria. Among the 20-th century Italian borrowings we can mention gazette, incognitto, autostrada, fiasco, fascist, dilettante, grotesque, graffitti etc. We should be notice that there are used even who le phraseological combinations in English, for example, sotto voce whisper.