ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS Essay Example for Free

ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS EssayInadequate skills is present if the worry is the employees lack of certain skills, a supervisor should see that the employee gets the necessary training. Talent watchfulness is the automatise end-to-end process of planning, recruiting, developing, managing, and compensating employees throughout the system. Lisa needs to set up a mentoring and coaching programs that will advises, counsels, and guides her accredited employees. Both coaching and mentoring skills are needed for appraising employees, solely appraising and assessing refer to rating an employee. maculation employers have long managed their talent without computerized systems, talent guidance today is usually reading technologybased. several(prenominal) software providers offer specialized talent management suites. The suites include and integrate underlying talent management components such as e-recruiting, e-training, performance reviews, and rewards. For example, talent management software includes e-recruiting software, employee performance management, a learning management system, and compensation management. Among other things, this program relieves the stress of writing employee performance reviews by automating the task and en certains that all levels of the organization are alignedall working for the same goals (Dessler, 2011).Lisa and the CFO have sufficiently investigated whether training is actually called for through the control process. A manager should continuously gather information about each employees performance. This is an ongoing activity, not something the supervisor saves to do when filling out appraisal forms. Ways to gather information include keeping regular performance records (such as a work teams fruit or the customer calls handled by each employee), saving customer notes of complaint or praise, writing a summary whenever an employee is observed doing something exceptional, and encouraging employees to keep track of their accomplis hments.This record keeping may seem time-consuming, but it is essential. Lisa and other supervisors need to make sure employees know and understand what is expected of them. To do this, they should make sure that objectives for the employees are clear, and he or she should communicate them effectively. Employees are most likely tounderstand and be attached to objectives when they have a say in developing them. More and more firms now require that supervisors and employees in concert set mutually acceptable performance goals.Hospitality Skills/Training Guide for human race Attendant bent your property apart from the competition with this excellent job-specific training program for valet attendants. This binder is divided into 6 tabbed sections This guide provides the basis of a six-day training course for new employees and current employees. The Employee Knowledge tab includes woodland leaf node gainBloodborne PathogensPersonal AppearanceEmergency SituationsLost and FoundRecycling ProceduresSafe turn tail HabitsManager on DutyYour Propertys Fact SheetEmployee PoliciesThe Americans with Disabilities ActEmployee Skill tab containsFollow the Propertys humans Posting PositionsMaintain Clear Drive-up/Drop-off AreaWelcome Guests and Offer AssistanceLoad and take Luggage Using Luggage CartValet Park Guest VehiclesRetrieve Vehicles That Have Been Valet ParkedProvide Storage for Guest LuggageAssist With Luggage for Group Arrivals and DeparturesUse the Guest Information DirectoryPrepare Maps and Provide DirectionsArrange for Services Requested by Guests oversee Guest Service ProblemsArrange for or hail Taxis for GuestsArrange Limousine ServicesProvide Courtesy Transportation fib Vehicle AccidentsClean the Drive-up, Entrance, Valet Stand, and Luggage Carts Assist Guests at Check-outRespond to Situations Requiring First AidHandle Cash Payment and TipsAssist in Rooming GuestsAssist Guests During Room ChangesThe Hotel Pariss competitive outline is To use superior gues t service to differentiate the Hotel Paris properties, and to thereby increase the length of live and return rate of guests, and thus boost revenues and profitability. HR manager Lisa Cruz must now formulate usable policies and activities that support this competitive strategy by eliciting the required employee behaviors and competencies.ReferencesDessler, G. (2011). Human Resource Management. (13 Ed.).Upper Saddle River,NJ Prentice dorm

As You Like It - the Play Essay Example for Free

As You give care It the Play EssayAs You Like It is considered by gentlemany to be one of Shakespeares greatest comedies, and the heroine, Rosalind, is praised as one of his most stir characters and has more lines than any of Shakespeares female characters. Rosalind, the daughter of a banished duke falls in love with Orlando the disinherited parole of one of the dukes friends. When she is banished from the court by her usurping uncle, Duke Frederick , Rosalind switches genders and as Ganymede travels with her loyal cousin Celia and the jester Touchstone to the Forest of Arden, where her fuss and his friends live in exile. Observations on life and love follow (including love, aging, the natural world, and death) friends are made, and families are reunited. By the plays end Ganymede, once again Rosalind, marries her Orlando. Two other sets of lovers are also wed, one of them Celia and Orlandos mean cured brother Oliver . As Oliver becomes a gentler, kinder young man so the D uke conveniently changes his ways and turns to religion and so that the exiled Duke, father of Rosalind, can rule once again.All the world s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances And one man in his time plays many parts As You Like It (Act II, Scene VII). Can one desire too much of a good thing? . As You Like It (Act IV, Scene I). True is it that we have seen better days. As You Like It Act II, Scene VII). For always and a day. As You Like It (Act IV, Scene I). The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool.(Act V, Scene I). The play is fictitious, but shakespeare is said to have taken the traits if rosalind from Rosalynde by doubting Thomas lodge. One of Shakespeares early plays, As You Like It (1598-1599), is a stock romantic comedy that was familiar to Elizabethan audiences as an exemplar of Christian comedy. Although the play does include two offstage spiritual conversions, the Christian nam ing does not refer to religion itself.Instead, it denotes the restoration and regeneration of society through the affirmation of certain Christian values such as brotherly love, marital union, tolerance for different viewpoints, and optimism about life at large. The plot is very simple the resolution of the dramatic problem in the warped poses of two shabbiness brothers toward good brothers, and related obstacles to marriage for several couples in the play (most notably Rosalind and Orlando) are easily overcome, and a happy ending is never in doubt.On one level, the play was clearly intended by Shakespeare as a simple, diverting amusement several scenes in As You Like It are basically skits made up of songs and joking banter. But on a somewhat deeper level, the play provides opportunities for its main characters to talk over a host of subjects (love, aging, the natural world, and death) from their particular points of view.At its center, As You Like It presents us with the respec tive worldviews of Jaques, a chronically melancholy pessimist preoccupied with the negative aspects of life, and Rosalind, the plays Christian heroine, who recognizes lifes difficulties but holds fast to a positive attitude that is kind, playful, and, above all, wise. In the end, the enjoyment that we receive from the plays comedy is reinforced and validated by a humanist Christian philosophy gently woven into the text by a benevolent Shakespeare.

Explore the presentation of women in Much Ado about Nothing Essay Example for Free

search the presentation of women in such(prenominal) Ado about Nothing Es dictateExplore the presentation of women in Much Ado about Nothing The women in the 1500s were al ship charge expected to do things such as taking care of the family non working outside of their ho homophileipulations and always seen as possessions, non people. As in Shakespeares time they were seen not heard. Shakespeare used this as a theme in him novel, Much Ado about Nothing, and the character Hero in particular portrayed the typical fair sex. The typical wo human beings was modest, convectional, reserved and m both women were pressured to be exactly kindred her. There are many other ways of which women are presented in this 1599 play about love and the deception of appearances. The play was very popular with the listening and was a comedy. Women who had a high status were usually linked with honour. Hero is an example of this as her let, Leonato, is a successful character and has high status. He is described as a, honourable father, which means that if she was to be, unfaithful, to Claudio then her unscathed family would go d testify in status and she Hero would be seen as an unclean cr sapure straightway worth nothing.Heros overall presentation is a typical woman and is used as a temporary hookup device to move the story along, so she is valuable but her value is not recognised. An example of this is when she furthers the speckle when she is, unfaithful, to Claudio. Hero is a possession to be passed on from father to husband as the society was olden and the women were dominated by men and were assets to bargain. In the wedding scene Hero hardly says anything in her defence, and what she does say are only in angiotensin-converting enzyme line blocks, is my Lord well that he doth verbalize so wide? She is not saying that he is wrong, but just asking him to rethink what he is saying. This shows us that she is a typical, modest woman and cannot stand up for herself. When Hero is accused of being unfaithful to Claudio, her father doesnt defend her like a typical father would do today, but he says, do not live Hero, do not ope thine eyes, Leonato is ashamed to be linked with his daughter and basically says that he wants her to die. This is not how women should be treated. They have no voice and people would believe a mans word over a womans.Hero is seen as a, plague right well prevented, which means she is no longer any use to Claudio and is a plague on him. Once women had lost there virginity to a man when they were not married, they were seen as useless and unclean, a woman would not be able to get a husband and would be put in a nunnery or unplowed indoors. Honour is linked to virginity because then the women were not unserviceable and so that they could be married to someone of high status. Claudio thinks Heros appearance is deceiving him and he ruins her life as she had ruined his, thoughts of harm. He ruins her life because now people thi nk that she is unfaithful, rotten orange, she will be worthless and kept indoors. Another example of Hero as a typical Elizabethan woman is at the ships company when she gets proposed to. Hero is told what to say to her marriage proposal and has no choice in what to say. Beatrice even prompts her on what her actions should be, speak cousin, or if you cannot, stop his mouth with a kiss. Womans sexuality was controlled by men. Hero would be like any other good typical wife in Elizabethan times, she, would do any modest office. She is muteness and chaste and conforms to the norms of the society. Hero is very predictable, again like the typical woman, now going to kiss Claudio, Beatrice prompts her on her actions. In contrast Benedicks and Beatrices relationship has more equality and they come across as comfortable with one another as they use, you , and, your, as apposed to, thee, and, thou, as Hero and Claudio use. Beatrice is presented in a very different way to Hero. Beatrice is presented very openly. All of her emotions are shown and she always says what she thinks, the commendation is not in his wit, but in his villainy. This shows us that Beatrice is a very plotting and witty character who is in control of the situation. She is an independent woman, who was not like how women in Elizabethan times were presented, she was like Queen Elizabeth. Hero and Beatrice are complete face-to-faces. Beatrice doesnt want any man to rule her life, in marriage, so takes an independent look to things. She doesnt want a husband because she wants to remain like she is, I had rather hear my dog bark at a crow than a man swear he loves me. Her strong voice is a strong comparison to Heros silence it makes them seen very opposite and is not the norms of Elizabethan society. Because Beatrice is so independent, she uses her wit to stop her from getting hurt, so I would not he should do me, my Lord, lest I should prove the mother of fools. It shows that Elizabethan women were quite vulnerable. The love that Benedick has for Beatrice is true love, this gives Beatrice the male monarch to manipulate him, and she tells him to, kill Claudio, because she has to rely on a man to carry out what she wants to be done.The women in those times could not carry out a duel with someone else, as it was no, expected, of them to do that and they had to conform to the typical woman, like Hero. Beatrice shows her frustration when she says, O God that I were a man I would eat his heart in the market place, shes saying that if she was a man she would kill Claudio herself so makes Benedick chose if he looses a friend or love. Beatrice shows that she can be a domination person when she cuts Benedicks sentences short, Beat-, then she says, Princes and Counties boilersuit I think that the women in, Much Ado about Nothing, were pressured into being quiet, chaste and not seen, like Hero. Beatrice is the tote up opposite and has her own strong-willed, independent mind. Men and wom en were not treated as equals and men had so ofttimes more power and freedom and saw the women as possessions not wives. Hero resembles the perfect presentation of what a woman should be like. Beatrice does not because she is not quiet and is not told what to do, she is different, she is stubborn and will do things her own way.

American fast food restaurant Essay Example for Free

American fast food restaurant Essay thermionic vacuum tube is an American fast food restaurant franchise that primarily sells submarine sandwiches (subs) and salads. It is possess and operated by Doctors Associates, Inc. Subway is one of the fastest growing franchises in the world with 40,229 restaurants in 102 countries and territories as of 11 September 2013.1 It is the largest single-brand restaurant chain and the largest restaurant operator globally.345 Subways main operations office is in Milford, computed tomography five regional centers support Subways growing international operations.The regional offices for European franchises are located in Amsterdam, Netherlands the Australia and New Zealand locations are supported from Brisbane, Australia the Asian locations are supported from offices located in Beirut, Lebanon, and Singapore and the Latin America support center is in Miami, Florida. 6 Contents hide1 History1.1 Early history2 Products2.1 Regional variations2.2 Nutri tional content3 Advertising3.1 $5 footlongs3.2 Sub Club4 Controversies4.1 prepare size4.2 Franchise relations4.3 UK VAT treatment4.4 Caseys trademark case against Subway5 References6 External linksHistoryEarly historySubways original logo used from 1965 to 2002. In 1965, Fred DeLuca borrowed $1,000 from title-holder Peter Buck to start Petes Super Submarines in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and in the following year they formed Doctors Associates Inc to administrate operations of the restaurants as the franchise expanded.7 The holding company derives its name from Fred DeLucas goal to earn enough from the origin to pay tuition for medical school, as well as Peter Bucks having a doctorate in physics.8 Doctors Associates is not affiliated with, nor endorsed by, any medical organization.9 In 1968, the sandwich shop began using the name Subway for the first time.7Subway restaurant, Pittsfield Township, Michigan The first Subway on the West Coast was opened in Fresno, California in 1978. 10 The first Subway outside of North America opened in Bahrain, in December 1984.11In 2004, Subway began opening stores in Walmart supercenters, and surpassed the number of McDonalds locations inside US Walmart stores in 2007.12

The Strategic Role of HR in a State Government Essay Example for Free

The strategicalal Role of HR in a State Government EssayIn a outgrowth number of disposals homophile resources are at present viewed as a source of competitive advantage (Human Links, 2007). For kind-hearted resource to be competitive, it entails competencies that are obtained through highly developed employee skills, distinctive organizational cultures, management act upones and arrangings (Human Links, 2007). The straw man of these distinctive competencies marks most of the high- action organizations.But the need for such organizations is non limited provided to the cloak-and-dagger sector. Government organizations, peculiarly tell and local governments, are becoming increasingly accountable for results and the efficient engross of taxpayer money spent on programs and services (TechRe unrestricted, 2007). Government organizations are like agate linees businesses that may not be run for profit but rather are organized to meet a friendly goal in an effective and efficient manner (Mathys, 2006).Such said, Government organizations moldiness be responsive, use their resources well, and provide good value to the user and accountability to the taxpayer (Mathys, 2006). It is in this context that strategic gentle resource management has become just as important in the public sector. strategical human resource management has been defined as linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business achieveance and develop organizational culture that foster innovation and flexibility (Human Links, 2007). The whole process of strategic human resource management includes the measurement of the impact of actions and decisions.Pressures on governments around the world have contributed to the acclivity adoption of performance management and measurement a focus on program and service outputs and outcomes, and on managing for results (TechRepublic, 2007). One method that has had significant demonstrated success to improve process efficiency, timeliness, and customer satisfaction in business is the balanced scorecard (Mathys, 2006).The Balanced Scorecard is a performance measurement that seeks to combine strategic planning with performance measurement (Rogers, 2007). Robert Kaplan and David Norton published works on the Balanced Scorecard in 1991 and considered tetrad areas in assessing the effectiveness of an organization in meeting its vision and system. These quaternity areas or perspectives include pecuniary, Customer, home(a) Business Processes, and Learning and Growth. According to Mathys, Kaplan and Nortons model explains that visions and strategies are translated into objectives, measures, targets, and initiatives that answer the questions in each of the four categoriesFinancial, the main question is To succeed financially, how should we appear to our shareholders?Customer, the focus is To achieve our vision, how should we appear to our customers?Internal business process focuses on the question To satisfy our shareholders and customers, what business processes must we excel at?Learning and growth class focuses on answering the question To achieve our vision, how will we sustain our ability to switch and improve?Essentially, this poser balances the value of strategic inputs (leading indicators) with financial outputs (lagging indicators) to enable an organization to improve the way it plans, measures and communicates success (Strategic Management Partners, 2007). It is now being applied by hundreds of successful organizations, in the public and private sectors, to align people, strategy and performance (Strategic Management Partners, 2007).In 1999, the State of Illinois embarked on a strategic planning initiative (SPI) to initiate change apply the balanced scorecard (BSC). The initial goals were performance management and public accountability, which required viewing the Illinois public as a customer whose opinion of government performance was of paramou nt importance (Lang, 2007). The State of Illinois translated its goals and strategy into different measures of success Financial, Customer, Internal Business Processes, Human Resources Systems Development (learning and growth).In this context, the Human Resources (HR) plane section has a critical role in facilitating the whole process of instituting a comprehensive public governance system using this measurement system. spate management is an important function of the HR Department and can melt down an important role in an organizations financial performance as well as the service it offers its customers (Yahoo Answers, 2007). People management includes managing recruitment selection, turnover issues, employee benefits, and acting as an information resource in HR issues for the organization (Yahoo Answers, 2007).First, it is important that the HR department views the state government as well as its constituency as its customer. The HR Department ensures that loyalty among empl oyees towards the organization is intact and also that the final constituents or the general population of the state government therefore are benefited.Second, the HR department looks into the other departments within the state government and assesses their goals and strategies as well in contributing to the achievement of the primary goal of the state government. This can be viewed particularly on learning and growth concerns such as how the unhomogeneous capabilities of various employees can be build up and enhanced so they can very well respond to the goals of the organizations, among others.This entails for example employing a homework Needs Assessment (TNA) tool so that employee capabilities may be surveyed, consolidated and aptly tapped. Knowledge of employee skills, abilities and adroitness could save the organization from investing on capability building trainings that do not address the authoritative needs of employees.Third, in terms of internal business process, the r ole of the HR Department is to indicate how a great deal each employee contributes to the organization such as revenue generated minus the cost of salary, benefits and training (Yahoo Answers, 2007). This basically looks into the productivity of the individual employee as well as the consolidated output of such individual productivity levels with which the HR Department also has that function to design a merit and rewards system to increase again such productivity. This is vital to keep the bureaucracy lean.Fourthly, in financial terms, the HR Department shall be able to perform a rationalized system of recruitment because it sees fit which employees to hire based on the scope of work and excogitate specifications. Aside from recruitment, HR also could do regular employee performance evaluations so as to determine which employee has in reality continually met the specifications of the job. Again, this saves the state government from unnecessary hiring of staff and checking of r edundancy, among others, since the staffing needs of the organization has been streamlined.With the HR Department using these four perspectives, it helps the government administration to keep track the value of activities (e.g. human resource development) which previously had not been audited effectively and had not been regarded as contributors to the bottom line (Strategic Management Partners, 2007).As in many private corporations, HR Departments of state governments shall have to use hard data in measuring performance. This can be done by linking employee competencies with behavioral objectives to align job specifications, recruitment, promotion, appraisal, and reward systems (Strategic Management Partners, 2007). A number of HR measures or benchmarks can be employed to check on performance and these include Applications per vacancy, Internal promotions, Hours training, compeer group reviewing, Cross-functional projects, Knowledge sharing, Employee turnover, Cost per hire, Emplo yee satisfaction, among others (Strategic Management Partners, 2007). The HR Department can also assist the various departments of the state government in targeting and developing milestones that keep its focus on the goals. The goals of the state government must be cascaded to every department with the help of the HR Department.In the end, some of the following questions may operate to measure the four perspectivesCustomer/Constituency. What services have been delivered to the constituents in order to secure their welfare and how do these relate to peoples expectations towards the state government?Learning and Growth. Have the skills and competencies of officers and staff have been upgraded and in what manner?Internal Business Processes. What desirable levels of effectiveness and efficiency have been achieved in serving the constituents?Financial Resources. What revenue generating options have been tapped and which government services have already been provided at a reasonable to ll?In all these, the role of HR should be to facilitate rather than dictate the targets and outcomes. Keeping the measurements simpleton allows it to be more understandable and adaptable. If it is not seen to be fully integrated with the business imperatives of the Chief administrator it will not be given the attention it deserves by operational managers (Strategic Management Partners, 2007).List of ReferencesChaturvedi, Siddharth. October 2007. Strategic Human Resource Management. Retrieved October 2007 from http//www.humanlinks.com/manres/articles/shrm/htm.Lang, Sandra S. January 2007. The CPA Journal. Balanced Scorecard and Government Entities Moving Forward at the Illinois Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 2007 from http//www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2004/604/essentials/p48.htm.Mathys, Nicholas. February 2006. Managing for Performance Results Series 2006. using the Balanced Scorecard Lessons Learned from the U.S. Postal Service and the Defense finance and Accountin g Service. Retrieved October 2007 from http//www.businessofgovernment.org/pdfs/MathysReport.pdfRogers, Martha. June 2007. Balanced Score bug Usage in Local Government Audit Shops. Retrieved October 2007 from http//www.governmentauditors.org/ case/view/311/123/.Strategic Management Partners. January 2007. Briefing Papers Using the HR Balanced Scorecard. Retrieved October 2007 from http//www.consult-smp.com/archives/2005/02/using_the_hr_ba_html.TechRepublic. October 2007. Whitepapers Using the Balanced Scorecard to Improve State and Local Government Performance. Retrieved October 2007 from http//whitepapers.techrepublic.com.com/webcast.aspx.Yahoo Answers. October 2007. What is Balanced Score Card in HR?. Retrieved October 2007 from http//ph.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070927202545AAwkQix.

Process of Concurrent Utilization Review Essay Example for Free

Process of Con menses recitation Review EssayIn Health Industry, the process of Concurrent purpose Review has its own immenseness for the management of wellness reverence industry enabling them to control the Length of Stay(LOS) of patients in the infirmarys and their use of accessory services. This process is vastly used in the system and procedures adopted in the hospital cargon because of the uplifted be involved in it, though its application keister be put practically in use in other medical settings as well.The Concurrent use review implies that players providing medical take facilites inquire to provide all the info necessary in the health care to their payers who in snatch determine its usability in the current settings of the hospital, before alloting the certificate for reimbursement to the plan. The process has a direct impact on the hospitalized Ameri weed patients who are covered under the health amends schemes. Insurance companies are payers in the field. They all conduct their own reviews or hire a review company to access the level and need of the patient and hospitals are providers who hire its own staff for this purpose.Staff members provide all the clinical information required to be authorized for reimbursement, but the first level of review is conducted by a registered contain who is highly qualified to cover patients of a particular area. Nurses provide all the details of patients to payers including the severity of illness, the length of patients kept on observation and assessment by registered nurses.If patients condition is considered as stable and he or she does not require this assessment then they are kept for observations in settings considered cheap. Second part of the information is the summary of the plan discussed and formulated for the care of patient. Then the role of payers comes in who evaluate this information to render the usability, the importance of this plan for patients and furthermore if this plan has followed the requirements of the terms of the contract signed with the provider. After this process of military rank only, the plan is certified for reimbursement.Mary Ellen Murry went deep further to analyse the extent to look into the practical forte of this process since its application in the Health Industry. There are various aspects to it that Mary Ellen tried to crystallise the payers in the Health Industry to focus on. Reviews are undertaken to make sure that inpatients and outpatients are getting square-toed care in timely manner and the treatment and health care is cost-effective. It also involves assessment of patients health to assure them proper and effective after- care. It is also used to assess if the resources are being used in effect and to differentiate any superfluous or pertinent activity. This is the most crucial strength of this review. Another draw worth mentioning is the point when the planned care is refused certification for reimbursement. In this case both the payers and providers are held answerable for the outcome.In a benchmark case between Wickline v. State of California the court gave the statement that a patient who is harmed when care which should break been provided is not provided should recover from all responsible for deprivation of care, including, when appropriate, a health care payer Third party payers of health care services shag be legitimately held accountable when medically inappropriate decisions result from defects in designs or implementation of cost containment mechanisms A atomic number 101 who complies without protest when his medical judgment dictates otherwise, can not avoid his ultimate responsibility for his patients care. (Murray 2001) This ruling is a reminder to physicians for their duty and obligation in the decision making. Ross too stated in 1996 that according to law, the insurance carriers are bound by the duty to conduct investigation before deciding on refusal of payment. Th is is some other strong point of the importance of conducting reviews according to the existing medical standards. The review is most applicable in all the cases and the immediate feedback provides health authorities uptodate information on the necessary steps needed, shortcomings arising out of the current care and help insurance givers to update themselves with the requisite reimbursements. The visualisation techniqe of stacked bar gives details on the daily plan activities. (Dr. topaz 1998)Concurrent Utilizaton Review is also not without its limitation. Looking at the monstrous number of providers and players involved in this program all over the country, the process needs requisitive number of registered nurses.In case of the shortage,the investment required for their appointments can become burdensome and the studies conducted on some of the institutions also revealed the position that some of the staff members conducting reviews are not registered nurses, though they are i n possession of baccalaureate degree. The hospital authorities claim that these nurses and staff alloted for review are trained in their requisite field and hospitals can substitute assisting staff instead of registered nurses to perform the Concurrent Utilization Review process increasing the handiness of professional nurses.Controversy is going on the extent to which the economic criteria should be taken in the count of providing quality care to the patients. Hereby most physicians feel that without compromising on the quality of the measures adopted for the health care, cost can be minimized. The validity of these reviews is also questioned. It is doubted if these reviews sport been based on evidence from high-quality studies, explicit randomized trials or meta-analyses of multiple trials, which are the key indicators for the trials.If reviews are found not based on the solid evidence then those developing audit criteria should take expert feel. Reliance on opinion and infer ence weakens not only the validity of the criteria for a process-of-care audit, but also the validity of any conclusions derived from applying the criteria. This can be done by having a multi-specialty panel rating on hundreds of different case scenarios depending on the intensity of risks and the panelists make ratings on the basis of literature review and own judgments.Authors involved in Utilization Review process consider cost saving factor as the important criteria in preparing plans for health care. The most effective study conducted I found was by the Wickizer, Wheeler, and Feldstein (1989) who came to the conclusion that these concurrent review programs have led to the Decline of hospital admissions by 13%, inpatient days by 11%, expenditures on routine inpatient services by 7%, expenditures on ancillary services by 9%, and total medical expenditures by 7%. (Murry 2001) They make the use of insurance claims data to determine if cost incurred by the hospitals are matching wit h the increase in expenditures being incured on the outpatients. Results show that reviews conform to the high hospital expenditures instead of higher physician office or outpatient diagnostic expenditures.Another study by Wickizer which was conducted in 1991 found that utilization review was showing reduced expenditures of approximately 15% in the surgical cases and slight reductions of expenditures in the mental health and medical areas. These reductions of expenditures showed there have been denials of certification for reimbursement. They came to conclusion that a UR program restricting access to psychiatric care increases the chance of readmission within 60 days.Another telephonic survey conducted by Remler et al. in 1997 of 2,003, physicians in the United States show the denial rates to be little than 6 per cent in the first rate and 3 per cent subsequently. Both these survyes indicate that the reviews can enable payers to reduce their costs on health care. The policy impli cation could be at the cost of reducing the effectiveness of the health care finally being provided to outgoing patients, but to overcome this, hospitals have comprehensive case management programs, to ensure the proper coordination of the care related services including proper utilization of resources.These case managers make a point that every patient has both hospital care plan, including a discharge plan, and along with that a team of clinical social work and case manager associates, are responsible for the conduct of the UR function. And if this process keeps on going in all the hospitals and other clinics and health care institutes in letter and spirit, then the anticipated denial rates will be reduced to a considerable degree.REFERENCE LISTMurray M.E. 2001. Outcomes of Concurrent Utilization Review. Nursing Economics , 19 (1). 7 pg.Tan J. K.H. 1998. Health Decision Support Systems. Maryland Aspen Publishers.

Term Exam Sample Paper Essay Example for Free

Term Exam Sample Paper testifyThis sample test should only be used as a guide to the styles of questions. The topics covered present ar not exhaustive. Your revision should not be based on these set of questions only. The level of worry of this sample test is also NOT indicative of the level of difficulty of the actual test. The answers are provided at the end of the document. 1. A reasonable estimate of the annual stock(a) divergence of return of the stock market place would be? a. Less than 5 percentage. b. Between 5 and 10 percent. c. Between 15 and 25 percent d. More than 30 percent e. Impossible to estimate 2.A objectify has an expected cash combine of $200, in year 1. The attempt-free range is 6%, the market rate of return is 16%, and the designs of import is 1. 5. Calculate the certainty equivalent cash flow for year 1. a. $175. 21 b. $164. 29 c. $228. 30 d. $212. 56 e. none of the supra 3. Share X has a standard deviation of return of 10%, ploughshare Y ha s a standard deviation of return of 20%. The correlation coefficient between the shares is 0. 5. If you invest 60% of your funds in share X and 40% in share Y, what is the standard deviation of the portfolio? a. 10% b. 20% c. 12. 2% d. 14. 0% e. None of the above 4.Richard Rolls critique of tests of the not bad(p) asset pricing set is that a. Given an efficient market portfolio the CAPM is tautology b. The market portfolio is not efficient c. You need to test the mould using the market portfolio for all capital assets d. a and c e. a and b 5. The Template connection has an equity important of 1. 2 and a debt beta of . 8. The firms market value debt to equity ratio is . 6. If it undertakes a new project with the same lay on the line profile, what is the project beta (assuming zero tax rate)? a. 0. 70 b. 0. 72 c. 0. 96 d. 1. 04 e. 1. 05 6. Consider following data on three shares Share Standard Deviation A 0. 6 B 0. 30 C 0. 20 Beta 1. 00 0. 80 1. 29 Assuming that you wished to i nform risk, you would select share if the share was held in on its own, and you would select share if the share was to be added to a portfolio. a b c d e 7. A, A A, B B, A B, C C, A In a portfolio of three different shares, which of the following is NOT possible? a. b. c. d. e. The risk of the portfolio is less than the risk of to each one of the shares held in isolation. The risk of the portfolio is greater than the risk of one of the shares. The beta of the portfolio is less than the beta of each of the individual shares.The beta of the portfolio is greater than the beta of one of the individual shares betas. The standard deviation of the portfolio is greater than the standard deviation of the risk free asset. 8. You hold a diversified portfolio consisting of 20 different shares with $1,000 invested in each. The portfolio beta is equal to 1. 35. You have decided to sell all your holding of Edna Average Cosmetics Ltd which has a beta of 1. You provide reinvest the proceeds in Agg ressive Action Ltd which has a beta of 2. What is the new beta of the portfolio? a. b. c. d. e. 1. 35 2. 35 1. 45 1. 10 1. 40 9.A company is considering an investment in a new project. That project is best evaluated as though a. b. c. d. e. It is a stand alone project independent of the company and so its risk is amountd as variance. Its risk is adjusted to allow for diversification with the companies existing projects Its equal of capital is the weighted average cost of capital Its risk is evaluated as though it were traded in the capital markets None of the above 10 Is the portfolio with the minimum possible variance an efficient portfolio? a. b. c. d. e. Yes No Yes, but only for risk loving investors Yes, but only for investors who will not take any risk.Yes, but only for investors who are risk neutral. 11. For a two-stock portfolio, the maximum reduction in risk occurs when the correlation coefficient between the two stocks is A) +1 B) 0 C) -0. 5 D) -1 E) None of the above 12. The variance or standard deviation is a measure of A) Total risk B) Unique risk C) Market risk D) Bankruptcy risk E) None of the above 13. The risk of a well diversified portfolio depends upon the A) Market risk B) Unique risk of the securities included in the portfolio C) Number of securities in the portfolio D) Variance of the portfolio E) None of the above 4. A factor in APT is a variable that A) Affects the return of risky assets in a systematic manner B) Correlates with risky asset returns in an unsystematic manner C) Is purely noise D) Affects the return of a risky asset in a random manner E) is generally not correlated with stock returns 15. A company has a cost of capital of 15%. However, it is introducing a new product that it considers to be a very risky exertion to a well diversified investor. What can you say about the appropriate discount rate for the project?A) The rate used should be 15% B) The rate used should be lower than 15% C) The rate used should be greater th an 15% D) Any rate between 12% and 18% is gratifying E) The rate should be the expected market return. 16 What has been the average annual rate of return in real terms for a portfolio of U. S. common stocks between 1900 and 2006? a. Less than 2% b. Between 2% and 5% c. Between 5% and 8% d. Greater than 8% e. Greater than 20% 17. Mega Corporation has the following returns for the bygone three years 8%, 12% and 10%. Calculate the variance of the return and the standard deviation of the returns.